What is the most efficient way to count all paths in an mXn matrix?

Coding
Medium
Microsoft
51.7K views

Candidates are expected to discuss combinatorial mathematics or dynamic programming approaches for pathfinding. This question evaluates logical reasoning and mathematical modeling skills.

Why Interviewers Ask This

This question probes the candidate's ability to translate a grid-based movement problem into a mathematical formula or an algorithmic solution. Interviewers look for awareness of both combinatorial approaches (using factorials) and DP approaches (summing previous cells). It helps them gauge if you can choose the right tool for the job based on constraints like obstacles or movement rules. It also tests basic knowledge of permutations and combinations in a practical context.

How to Answer This Question

Begin by clarifying the movement rules, such as moving only right or down. If no obstacles exist, immediately propose the combinatorial solution involving nCr. If obstacles are present, switch to a DP approach where each cell stores the number of ways to reach it. Walk through the initialization of the first row and column. Discuss edge cases like blocked start or end points. Conclude by comparing the efficiency of both methods.

Key Points to Cover

  • Recognize combinatorial nature for open grids
  • Apply DP for grids with obstacles
  • Initialize boundaries correctly
  • Compare time complexity of both methods

Sample Answer

Assuming movement is restricted to right and down directions without obstacles, the problem becomes a simple combination problem. The total moves required are (m-1) downs and (n-1) rights, totaling (m+n-2) moves. The ans…

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Ignoring obstacles when proposing a combinatorial solution
  • Forgetting to handle boundary conditions in DP
  • Not considering integer overflow for large matrices

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