What is a composite primary key and when should you use it?

SQL
Medium
108.9K views

This question assesses understanding of unique identification strategies when single-column keys are insufficient.

Why Interviewers Ask This

Real-world data often requires multiple attributes to uniquely identify a record. Interviewers want to know if you can design robust schemas that handle complex relationships correctly without creating redundancy.

How to Answer This Question

Define a composite key as using two or more columns to uniquely identify a row. Give examples like order items where order_id and product_id together form the key. Explain why a single column isn't enough in these scenarios.

Key Points to Cover

  • Multiple columns for uniqueness
  • Handles many-to-many relationships
  • Prevents ambiguity
  • Common in junction tables

Sample Answer

A composite primary key uses two or more columns together to uniquely identify each row when one column alone isn’t sufficient. For instance, in an order_items table, neither the order ID nor the product ID alone is uniq…

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Using it unnecessarily
  • Forgetting foreign key implications
  • Not explaining the 'why'

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